The Spanish Republican Flag has three colours: red, yellow, and dark purple. Pendón Morado, also later used and denominated as the "Flag of the Comuneros" The Republican flag is now widely used by trade unions and left-wing political organizations, such as United Left, the Marxist-Leninist Party (RC) and some factions of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Versions of this flag were used in the 1970s by the radical anti- Francoist groups Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) and First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (GRAPO). The simplified military flag of the Second Spanish Republic was also used by the Spanish Maquis between the end of the Spanish Civil War and the early 1960s, and later by the Spanish National Liberation Front (FELN). The International Brigades added a three-pointed red star to the yellow band of the military Republican flag. Despite not displaying the arms, this plain flag did not correspond to the civil ensign approved in 1931 for the use of merchant ships. However, having horizontal strips rather than vertical ones, as in the French flag, made it possible to preserve many elements of the previous Spanish flag, used during centuries of Monarchial rule.ĭuring the Civil War there was also a military version of the flag with proportion 2:3 and without the coat of arms used by Republican Army units in different locations. The term "la tricolor" to refer to the flag is reminiscent of the French tricolor which, since the French Revolution of the late 18th Century, has made a flag composed of three equal strips into the symbol of a Republic. The civil ensign or merchant flag would be a simple tricolour without the coat of arms. This coat of arms originated in 1868 and had been used then by the Provisional Government and later by the First Spanish Republic. The National Flag would have the Spanish Republican coat of arms at the centre (quarterly of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre, enté en point for Granada, ensigned by a mural crown, between the two Pillars of Hercules). The Republican flag was formed by three horizontal bands of the same width, red, yellow, and dark purple.
The Republican flag was adopted on April 27 and presented to the army of the nation on May 6 with the following words: "The national uprising against tyranny, victorious since April 14, has hoisted a flag that is invested by means of the feelings of the people with the double representation of the hope of freedom and of its irreversible triumph."Įl alzamiento nacional contra la tiranía, victorioso desde el 14 de abril, ha enarbolado una enseña investida por el sentir del pueblo con la doble representación de una esperanza de libertad y de su triunfo irrevocable. As a result of this previous use, the young republic proclaimed in 1931 eagerly adopted this symbol.
This same flag had been previously displayed by certain Republican groups as an alternative to the red-and-yellow flag that they identified with the Bourbon monarchy in Spain.
The Spanish republican flag began to be used on April 27, 1931, thirteen days after municipal elections results led to the abolition of the monarchy and the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. Its present-day use in Spain is associated with the modern republican movement, different trade unions and various left-wing political movements. The flag of the Second Spanish Republic, known in Spanish as la tricolor, was the official flag of Spain between 19 and the flag of the Spanish Republican government in exile until 1977. Bandera de la marina mercante ( Civil Ensign)
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